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Text File | 1990-10-09 | 28KB | 647 lines

.f3 - # - Chapter 10 - Miscellaneous .rm70 .mt5 .mb5 .pl66 .tc .tc1 .tc 10. MISCELLANEOUS STUFF ...............................# CHAPTER 10 MISCELLANEOUS STUFF This chapter contains information that does not easily fit any where else. .Tc Performing a Word Count ............................# Performing a Word Count Word Fugue comes with a word counting option. Press Ctrl J V, and a pop up window will appear with information similar to the following: ╔═══ WordFugue Version 1.6a ════╗ ║ Current File: ║ ║ C:\WF\DOC\WF.010 ║ ║ Modified ║ ║ 161 Lines ║ ║ 5146 Bytes ║ ║ 735 Words ║ ║ 3 Pages ║ ║ ║ ║ Jul 10, 1989 10:11 AM ║ ║ 319103 RAM bytes free ║ ║ DOS Version: 3.30 ║ ║ 2854912 Disk bytes free ║ ║ Current Directory: ║ ║ C:\WF\DOCS ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════╝ Fig 10.1 - Word Count display .tc1 Fig 10.1 - Word Count display .........................# Press ESC to return to editing the file. The information is relevant to the current file, so if you have more than one window open, you will need to place the cursor in each window and enter the command. Calculating the file size and word count can take a long time on a big file, so you can press the space bar while the Get Info window is being updated to short circuit the calculation of some items. .Tc Convert a Wordstar file ............................# Convert a Wordstar file You can either set an option when you load the file, or use the block command to turn off Hi order bits in a marked block. They have slightly different effects. Options are on the Load file menu of the Options menu This will zero the High order bits in a Wordstar file. You will of course lose any wrapped information about lines, since they will all end in a hard Carriage return. Any control codes will be left untouched. If you wish to retain the line wrap information, you must use the marked block approach given below. .CP7 To Turn off bits in a marked block: 1. Mark the block of text with Ctl K B and Ctl K K. 2. Press the keys Ctl K ^ (you need shift plus the 6 key for ^) Word Fugue will turn off the hi bits in the marked block. For example: áíóúñÑªº¿⌐¬½¼¡«»░▒▓│┤╡╢╖╕╣║╗╝╜╛┐└┴┬├─┼╞╟╚╔╩╦╠═╬╧╨╤╥╘╒╓╫╪┘┌█µτΦΘ becomes !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRTUVWXYZ[fghi Strip Hi Bits on File Load This is on the Load file submenu of the Options menu of the pull down menu. You can install it as a command sequence using WFINST, but the default is no command sequence. When Hi-bit strip is ON, the most significant bit of each character read from the disk will be set to zero. This is useful when reading in files previously generated in Wordstar document mode. Note that stripping the high bit will also affect any usage of the IBM extended ASCII character set, such as the line drawing characters. .Tc Convert Tab Characters To Spaces on Reading ........# Convert Tab Characters To Spaces on Reading This is the Expand tabs option on the Load File submenu of the Load file menu of the pull down menu. You can install a command sequence for this command by using WFINST, but the default has no sequence installed. When tab expansion is ON, any tabs encountered upon read-in of a file are expanded into spaces, using a tab spacing that you specify. If tab expansion is OFF, Word Fugue leaves the tabs intact. In this case, Word Fugue does not expand tabs as it displays them, so these will be displayed on the screen as I. .tc Convert Spaces to Tabs When Writing The File .......# Convert Spaces to Tabs When Writing The File This is the Write tabs option on the Load File submenu of the Load file menu of the pull down menu. You can install a command sequence for this command by using WFINST, but the default has no sequence installed. By default, Word Fugue does not write tab characters in files saved from the editor. If Tab Writing is activated, Word Fugue will translate sequences of spaces to tabs in order to save disk space for the output file. Tabs are computed using the fixed spacing currently set for fixed tabs. Multiple spaces found within pairs of single or double quotes (as used in Pascal or C source code) will not be converted to tabs. .tc Outline Processing .................................# Outline Processing Outline Processing is the ability to jot down your thoughts such as subject headings, and later flesh them out into a complete document. You have the ability to view only the headings, or the details, or both. The details can include other details at lower levels again. .CP5 With Word Fugue, this can be achieved by use of .FI and the Alt F command. Jot down your headings in a file. When you are ready to flesh them out, place a .FI command in column one on the line beneath each heading, and type a file name after the .FI command. Use a different file name on each .FI line. Place the cursor on a line containing a .FI command, and press Alt F. Word Fugue will open another window with the new file loaded ready for editing. This file can in turn contain other .FI commands, which can be loaded in a similar fashion. If you do not have Zoom Windows set, you will see all files on the screen at the same time. You can nest include files up to 5 deep, which should give you plenty of scope for the biggest outlines. .tc Ruler Lines ........................................# Ruler Lines A ruler line is used to determine the documents current left and right margins, tab stops and column boundaries. The current ruler line is displayed at the top of the document, unless you turn the display off. The option to display the ruler line can be changed as part of the Options menu on the Ruler sub menu, or it can be changed by entering Ctrl O T, which will turn the display on and off. Word Fugue's default ruler is shown below. It is designed for type at 10 characters per inch on standard 8 inch stationery. The left margin is in column 1, the right margin in column 70, and tab stops every 8 spaces beginning at column 9. L-------!-------!-------!-------!-------!-------!-------!-------!----R The ruler line can contain the following characters: Character Meaning L Left margin R Right margin (ragged justification) J Right margin (justified) ! Tab stop < Left margin of a column ┌only effective if > Right Margin of a column ┤word wrap and column ] Justified right column margin └mode are active or right table margin ┌only effective if { Left margin of a table ┤word wrap and column } Right margin of a table └mode are active Temporary Indent or currently active wrap margin. (Set by the computer) W Wrap margin - Space between ruler symbols When you change left or right margin using Ctrl O L or Ctrl O R, the ruler line changes to show a new margin. This ruler is in effect throughout the document until you change it. If you use .LM and .RM dot commands to change a margin, the new ruler is in effect in the file below the dot command. Above the dot command the previous ruler is in effect. If you set the wrap margin from the ruler line, it is in effect from the ruler line down through the document until another ruler line changes it. When that wrap column is active, it will show as a in the ruler line. The ruler line wrap column may be overwritten by the use of the Temporary Indent. When you use F4 or Ctrl O G to set the Temporary Indentation, the ruler line shows the temporary margin as long as it is in effect. A temporary left margin is terminated if you move the cursor above the line on which you set the temporary margin, or down past a blank line. While the temporary margin is active, the old wrap column will show as a W in the ruler line. Left Margin controls where text will be placed when you type. Characters entered to the left of the left margin will be pushed right until they are within the left margin. Right Margin and Justified Right Margin controls where text will be wrapped. Text will not be allowed to extend beyond the right margin after a wrap operation. Wrap Margin determines where text that overflows a line will be continued on the next line. Wrap margins must be at least equal to the left margin, and less than the right margin, to be effective. Text typed inside the left margin, but to the left of the wrap margin, will be left where it is, unless it is the second or subsequent line of a paragraph, and a paragraph reformat operation is performed. Tab Stops determine where the cursor will travel when you press the Tab key (for forward movement) or the Shift Tab key (for backward movement). .CP6 .tc Columns And Tables ..............................# Columns And Tables Columns Columns in a ruler are independent parts of the text that wrap. Columns are indicated by < for the left margin and > for the right margin or ] for the right justified margin. When Word Wrap is active, text will wrap to stay within the margins (both left and right). A column is independent of any other columns, so text in a column will wrap downwards into blank lines in the column. If no blank lines are available, a blank line will be inserted at the end of the column to absorb the overflow. This blank line may interfere with other columns by placing a blank line in the middle of another column. To overcome this, define your columns as tables. .CP10 eg: www xxx yyy www xxx yyy www yyy xxx yyy www xxx yyy www xxx www yyy yyy You will note that each column has entries that end independently of each other. Wrapping slides the text in one column up and down without regard to the contents of other columns. Tables Tables are columns of text that are related to each other. They are delimited in the ruler line by { for the left margin and either } or > for the right margin, or ] for the right justified margin. The columns of a table are terminated by a blank line. When a column of a table is wrapped, blank lines are inserted at the end of the table entry. This means that a blank line is looked for, or a dot command line, and blank lines are inserted before this line. This means that adjacent columns never have blank lines inserted in the middle. eg www xxx yyy www xxx yyy www yyy yyy yyy ───── this is the end of the entry www xxx yyy www xxx yyy www xxx You will note that a table has entries in adjacent columns, and the end of the entry has a blank line across the entire table. Wrapping slides the contents of one column up and down as required, but never pushes the text down below the blank line, instead inserting new lines before it as required to absorb the overflow of the column. .CP5 .tc Editing a Ruler .................................# Editing a Ruler You can edit the ruler line by entering Ctrl O E. You do not need to display the ruler line to be able to edit it. While in edit mode, you move the cursor and type in the appropriate symbols where you want them. Press Enter to accept the new line, or ESC to return to the original. However, if you use dot commands that effect the ruler line in your document, as soon as you press return, if the cursor were positioned below any of these dot commands in the document, they will automatically affect the ruler you have edited. However, this can be overcome by embedding the ruler line in the text where ever you need a new ruler line, and editing the embedded line. (See below) .tc Embedded Ruler Lines ............................# Embedded Ruler Lines You can embed a ruler line in the text so that it is in effect on the text below it and it is stored with the file. Every time the cursor moves below an embedded ruler line, the document's margins and tab stops automatically change to reflect the new line. An embedded ruler is entered with .RR as the dot command. The ruler line follows the .RR command. There are several ways of embedding ruler lines in your document. ■ Type in the entire ruler line. Start by typing .RR in columns 1 to 3. Then, on the same line, type in the ruler itself, starting with the left margin. Since the first 3 characters are the dot command, all embedded ruler line character positions are 3 characters to the right of the actual position. Thus .RRL.....!.......................R where the L is entered in column 4, makes the left margin effective in column 1, a tab stop effective in column 7, and the right margin in column 31. The dots between the characters are simply to show character spacings. Use spaces in the embedded ruler line. ■ Use the command Ctrl O O to insert a copy of the current ruler line into your text. ■ Use the ruler file WF.RLR to store often used ruler lines, and use the macro commands Alt M S to embed the first such line into the text, and the command Alt M R to display a list of ruler lines, and select the one you want. .tc Stored Rulers ...................................# Stored Rulers You can store up to 36 ruler settings in the file WF.RLR. Using a Stored Ruler There are 2 macro commands provided to access rulers stored in the ruler file. Because they are macro commands, you can always write additional commands to load additional rulers from a different file if you need to go beyond 36 rulers. Embed Default Stored Ruler The command Alt M S embeds the default stored ruler before the line the cursor is in. The default ruler is always number 1 (unless you change the macro). .CP5 Embed Stored Ruler From Menu The command Alt M R loads the file WF.RLR and displays a menu of rulers. Select the one you want to embed, and press Enter to embed it, or ESC if you change your mind. The alternative long format of the command is Ctrl J I R which loads file WF.RLR and displays the menu of stored rulers. When you select your ruler to embed, it is embedded, and the macro file is reloaded. Storing a Ruler The ruler file has exactly the same structure as a macro file, and rulers can be entered by loading it as a macro file, selecting to record macros, and then typing in the ruler line exactly as you want it, and then turning off macro recording. You will be asked which slot to record the ruler in, and a name for it. (Refer to the chapter in macros for more information) Don't forget to save the ruler file (using the save macro command), and to re-load your original macro file. Editing a Stored Ruler Once you have stored rulers in the file WF.RLR, you can edit them by loading the file as the macro file, editing the entries (Alt E), and saving the file. Don't forget to re-load your original macro file. .tc Using A Mouse ......................................# Using A Mouse Word Fugue recognises a mouse, and will respond to its movement and button clicks. Sensing is automatic - if the mouse driver is present and returns a good status, then the mouse cursor is displayed as a block of colour that changes depending on the colours underneath. Scroll Bars If you have set the appropriate option - Mouse Scroll on the Display Options sub menu of the Options menu, then Word Fugue will display a scroll bar on the right hand side of the screen. This includes scroll arrows and a solid block elevator that shows the relative position in the file. You can use the scroll bar to change the position on the file. Place the mouse cursor on one of the arrows and press the left mouse button. As you hold the button down the text will scroll as if you were moving the cursor in the direction of the arrow. The text should scroll at about the same rate as with the arrow keys. Scrolling will stop as soon as you release the button. If you place the mouse cursor on the scroll bar between the elevator bar and the arrow, clicking the left button will cause the display to page up or down, depending on where the mouse cursor is in relation to the elevator block. If the mouse cursor is above the elevator block, then the left button click will page up, while if the mouse cursor is below the elevator block, a left button click will page down. Mouse Operation The mouse cursor will move around the screen as the mouse is moved, but if no buttons are clicked or pressed, nothing else happens. Clicking mouse buttons will have different effects depending upon where the mouse cursor is on the screen. Dragging the mouse cursor (pressing one or more buttons and moving the mouse at the same time) affects the physical cursor position. Top 2 Lines of the screen: Left Button click - Open another window Right Button click - Activate PullDown Menu Both Buttons click - Activate Help Menu Scroll Bar: Arrows: Press Left button to scroll up or down Bar: Click left button to page up (above elevator) or page down (below elevator) Text Body: Left Button click - jump to position of mouse cursor (will change windows if necessary) Right Button - restore current line Both buttons - press & drag to mark a block marking stops when you release button positions cursor at the end of the marked block Menu System: Left Button click - select highlighted choice Right Button click - escape to previous level Both buttons click - Help (if available) Left Button Drag - move highlight if you change your mind, drag mouse to top line, and release button .tc Help System ........................................# Help The help system that comes with Word Fugue has 2 modes of operation - Menu and Context Sensitive. Because of the way the keyboard installation program functions, the help file always reflects the current keyboard layout. The keyboard installation program regenerates the help file from the WF.TXT file. This file contains special markers for the keystrokes that are associated with commands, and when the help file is generated, these markers are replaced with the names of the installed keystrokes, and displayed as part of the help text. A similar process also allows the display of the associated keystrokes when using the pull down menu system. When you have finished with the help screens, pressing ESC will return you to what you were doing before. .tc Menu Driven .....................................# Menu Driven When you are at the edit window, pressing F1 will activate the Help Menu System. You can select a topic by highlighting it and pressing the enter key, or by pressing the highlighted letter that starts the topic. ╔═════ Help Sections ══════╗ ║ About Word Fugue ║ ║ Blocks ║ ║ Cursor movement ║ ║ Files ║ ║ Goto movement ║ ║ Insert and delete ║ ║ K - Function keys ║ ║ Macros ║ ║ Options and toggles ║ ║ Printing ║ ║ Q - Search and replace ║ ║ Rulers & Tabs ║ ║ Spell checking ║ ║ Text commands ║ ║ Utilities ║ ║ Windows ║ ╚══════════════════════════╝ Fig 10.2 - Help Menu .tc1 Fig 10.2 - Help Menu ..................................# Most topics have several pages of text are available, which can be paged through by pressing the Page Up and Page Down keys. When you have finished with the help screens, pressing ESC will return you to what you were doing before. .tc Context Sensitive ...............................# Context Sensitive Context sensitive help is active when you are within the pulldown menu system. Pressing F1 will present a help screen relevant to the highlighted topic. If there is more information than will fit on the screen, you can page through it by pressing the Page Down and Page Up keys. .cp10 .tc Shell to Dos .......................................# Shell to Dos You can run other programs from Word Fugue, or gain access the the dos prompt. This process is generally referred to as "Shelling to Dos". Press Ctrl F10 to activate a prompt for a dos command. You can either enter a command to run, or press Enter on a blank prompt for access to the DOS prompt. ╔═════════════════ DOS command (<Enter> for shell) ═════════════╗ ║dir ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ Fig 10.3 - Dos Shell Prompt .tc1 Fig 10.3 - Dos Shell Prompt ...........................# Run a Command If you enter a command, that command will be run, and the message "Press any key to continue ..." will be displayed, permitting you to see any output of the command on the screen. Pressing any key will return you to your document, with everything as it was before. Dos Prompt If you press Enter on a blank Dos prompt window, you will simply be presented with the familiar DOS prompt. In this case, you will have to type the command EXIT at the dos prompt in order to return to your document. In this case, Word Fugue changes the DOS prompt so that it lets you know that Word Fugue is still loaded: Approximate memory available: 170K TYPE EXIT to return to program... WordFugue... c:\wf\doc> Fig 10.4 - Modified Dos Prompt .tc1 Fig 10.4 - Modified Dos Prompt ........................# How It Works Word Fugue looks for the environment variable COMSPEC to determine what your DOS command processor is called, and where to find it. If you have not set the COMSPEC variable, you will not be able to use this function. You should always have a command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file to set the COMSPEC variable whenever you boot your machine. If you have not, then you should have this line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: SET COMSPEC=C:COMMAND.COM Consult your DOS manual for more information on the SET command and the COMSPEC variable. The use of the COMSPEC variable is the standard method of activating the DOS command processor, since if you have replaced the standard COMMAND.COM with some other processor, the replacement processor will be activated. If an error occurred, you will be informed with an error window, and will have to press ESC to return to your document. A typical error is when COMMAND.COM cannot be found, or there is not enough memory to run your request. .tc Autosave ........................................# Autosave If you have the AUTOSAVE toggle active, then all modified files will be saved before attempting to invoke DOS. This makes he latest versions of files available to any program you may run, and protects you against crashing the machine while in DOS. Conversely, if AUTOSAVE is off, no saving will be done. .CP5 .tc Memory ..........................................# Memory How effective your dos commands are often depends on the amount of memory available for them. The default is only available memory which is left after the program is loaded plus any files you may be editing. On a machine with 640k this is normally more than adequate, but there can be times when you need more memory to be made available. The INVOKE DOS toggle allows you to determine whether additional memory will be made available to DOS commands. If you set this option to All Memory, then a stub of approximately 8K remains in memory, while the rest of the program and memory it is using is swapped either to EMS memory (if you have some and sufficient is available) or to the default disk drive and directory (if there is sufficient room there). On disk, the swap file is called nnnnnn.$WP, where nnnnnn is the current time of day, and is marked as a system and hidden file. It will not be visible to normal DOS commands. Do not delete this file after shelling to DOS, or you will lock up your machine when you try to exit back to Word Fugue. The use of the current time of day for the file name is to avoid problems if you shell to DOS, load Word Fugue again, and shell to DOS. They will use different swap files, and so won't crash your machine. We cannot think of a good reason for wanting to do this, but we believe in Defensive Programming. If you are running from floppies, this option may not have enough room to create a swap file, and you may find it rather slow to come up with the DOS prompt. .CP7 When you swap memory, a message will be displayed to that effect: 360971 bytes are being swapped Approximately 522K bytes of RAM available WordFugue... c:\wf\doc> Fig 10.5 - Swapping Display .tc1 Fig 10.5 - Swapping Display ...........................# The actual amount of memory available will depend on how much memory your machine has, and how much of it is taken up with memory resident (TSR) programs.